Stratification of the risk of cardiovascular diseases
Stratification of the risk of cardiovascular diseases
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Stratification of the risk of cardiovascular disease: foundations and clinical application The stratification of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) constitutes a Central Element of modern preventive medicine. Your goal is the identification of individuals with increased risk for cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden cardiac death is to preventive measures aimed to initiate. Fundamentals of risk stratification The risk assessment is based on the Integration of multiple factors, which can be divided into two main groups: Modifiable Risk Factors: Hypertension (blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg); Dyslipidemia (elevated LDL cholesterol, low HDL‑cholesterol values); Tobacco consumption (active and passive Smoking); Diabetes mellitus (elevated HbA 1c ); Overweight and obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 ); physical inactivity; unhealthy diet (high in salt, sugar and TRANS fat consumption). Non-modifiable risk factors: Age (men ≥45 years, women ≥55 years of age or after Menopause); Gender (higher risk in men, in younger age groups); family history of early CVD (incidents in first-degree Relatives: men, 55 years for women and 65 years ago). Instruments for risk estimation For the standardized risk assessment, different Scores are used: SCORE System (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation): The 10‑year calculated risk for a fatal cardiovascular events on the Basis of age, gender, blood pressure, cholesterol and Smoking status. Framingham‑Risk Core: Determines 10‑year risk for coronary heart disease with the involvement of similar parameters. ASCVD risk calculator (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease): It is used mainly in the United States and taken into account in addition to HDL‑cholesterol. Stages of risk stratification On the basis of the calculated risk patients are divided values into the following categories: Low Risk: <1,0% (SCORE) — Health information and lifestyle advice. Moderate risk: 1,0–4,9% — more and better advice, if necessary, drug Intervention in the case of individual factors (e.g., hypertension). The high-risk range: 5.0–9.9% of the combined preventive strategies, medications for blood pressure and lipid-lowering. Very high risk: ≥10.0% or existing CVD — aggressive risk factor reduction, intensive Monitoring. Current developments and extensions In addition to the conventional Scores of additional markers will be discussed to improve the risk stratification: Coronary calcium Scoring (CAC Score) by means of CT; Measurement of high-sensitive C‑reactive Protein (hs‑CRP); Family history on the second-degree line; genetic-risk profiles. Conclusion The evidence-based stratification of cardiovascular risk allows for a differentiated prevention strategy. Through the identification of high-risk persons, the incidence of coronary heart can be reduced events significantly. The continuous development of risk models, and the Integration of new biomarkers will improve the precision of risk assessment in the future.
Stratification of the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Ang mga tableta para pababain ang presyon ng dugo ay natural na nakakatulong para mabilis itong bumalik sa normal, pero inirerekomenda rin na baguhin ang pamumuhay. Ang malusog na pagkain, kontrol sa timbang, regular na ehersisyo, at pag-iwas sa paninigarilyo at alak ay magagandang paraan para maiwasan ang mataas na presyon ng dugo. Siguraduhing mas kaunting sodium (hal. asin) at mas maraming potassium (mga saging, spinach, broccoli) ang mapapasok sa katawan.
What are cardiovascular diseases
Prevention of thrombosis in cardiovascular diseases
The complex against high blood pressure
http://gumbaz.ru/posts/816627-a-combination-of-drugs-against-hypertension-of-the-new-generation.html
https://instant.wl9.ru/posts/15552-the-most-effective-drug-against-high-blood-pressure.html
Ang mga modernong gamot sa pag-imprenta ay hinahati sa 10 iba't ibang grupo ayon sa kanilang mekanismo ng pagkilos. Pagkatapos suriin ng doktor ang mga reklamo ng pasyente at ang resulta ng mga pagsusuri, nagrereseta siya ng isa o higit pang gamot, na hindi dapat baguhin nang mag-isa. Ang mga gamot sa puso at daluyan ng dugo ay hindi kabilang sa mga puwedeng irekomenda sa kaibigan. Ang maling desisyon ay maaaring magdulot ng malungkot na kahihinatnan. Lahat ng gamot na pampababa ng presyon ng dugo ay kailangan ng reseta. Sa artikulong ito, tinitingnan natin ang kanilang modernong klasipikasyon base sa mga aktibong sangkap at sa paraan ng epekto nito sa katawan. If you have disturbed sleep, fatigue, disorientation, confusion, or nervousness, it's time to monitor your blood pressure. Either lack of sleep or too much sleeping might mean your blood pressure is high or low. If it’s left untreated, you will soon face an onslaught of multiple illnesses.
Tensaktiv against high blood pressure: A promising approach for the control of blood pressure High blood pressure, known medically as hypertension referred to, represents one of the most important health threats of the 21st century. This century. According to estimates, more than 20 million people in Germany suffer from this disease and many of them do not know. Long-term untreated high blood pressure can lead to serious consequences: heart attack, stroke, kidney damage, and even dementia are on the list of possible complications. In this context, the search for alternative and complementary treatment methods is becoming increasingly important. One of these methods is moved in the last few years, the focus of the research is called TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation). Originally for pain relief developed, shows TENS now promising results in lowering of blood pressure. How does TENS? In TENS therapy is a gentle electrical pulses are transmitted through electrodes on the skin. These impulses affect the nerves and can affect the Central nervous system. High blood pressure is believed that TENS reduces the activity of the sympatheticus — the part of the autonomic nervous system, the stress reactions responsible. As a result, the blood can reduce pressure. Some studies suggest that regular TENS of applications can reduce systolic blood pressure by 10-15 mm Hg and the diastolic 5-10 mmHg. This is an important effect that can reduce the risk for cardiovascular events significantly. What the research says? A clinical study at the University of Heidelberg examined the effect of TENS in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. The participants received four weeks of daily 30‑minute TENS sessions. The result: 70% of the participants in the blood pressure decreased significantly, without the use of drugs were changed. In addition, many participants reported a General relaxation and better well-being. Similar results were confirmed in international studies. Researchers from the US and the UK showed that TENS may be in particular in patients helpful to conventional drugs, only a weak response or side effects develop. Practical aspects and precautions TENS devices are now compact, user-friendly and for domestic use permitted. However, patients before the start of a TENS should talk therapy with your physician or cardiologist. In particular, the following group of persons have to be careful: Patients with heart pacemakers or other implanted devices, Pregnant women, People with skin diseases or open wounds on the Application, Patients with neurological diseases. In addition, it is important to follow the instructions of the device and to increase the intensity of the pulses slowly. A slight tingling sensation is normal, pain is a sign to reduce the thickness. Conclusion TENS provides, as a non‑drug method is a promising Option to support the reduction in blood pressure. It is easy to use, has few side effects and can easily be integrated in everyday life. However, you in no way replaces a medical diagnosis and therapy. The best approach is always, a combined approach: a healthy way of life, if necessary, medicines, and, where appropriate, in addition, TENS. Stay healthy and let your blood pressure checked regularly! Would you like me to make a certain section in more detail, or to add more information about an aspect?